White paper

Safe introduction of alternative fuels: Focus on ammonia and hydrogen as ship fuels

Discover how DNV supports shipowners with insights and tools to navigate the evolving regulatory landscape and safely implement ammonia and hydrogen fuels.

The IMO’s enhanced GHG strategy and new EU regulations are driving shipping toward net-zero emissions by 2050, and hydrogen and ammonia are carbon-free options in the fuel transition. 

Both hydrogen and ammonia pose new safety risks, necessitating greater emphasis on safety in ship design, construction, and operation. However, the absence of specific mandatory international regulations for vessels using these fuels remains a barrier to their widespread adoption. 

This paper provides an overview of the current status of ammonia and hydrogen as marine fuels, key safety considerations, and how the Flag Administration and DNV approach the approval process, guiding shipowners through the immature regulatory landscape for ammonia- and hydrogen-fueled ships. 

Additionally, the paper highlights the efforts required from maritime stakeholders to safely introduce ammonia and hydrogen, and the key steps needed to equip seafarers for their safe operation.

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